This is the 'blueprint' for an object

This is a set of methods and attributes

This is a variable of the object

This is a function of the object

This means to create an instance from a class

This is an individual object

class ObjectThing(object):
	#note that it is good practice to start class names with a capital letter
	#also notice that i am basing the class off of object
	methods
	attributes

class ClassName(object):
#defineing the class
	def methodName(self):
	#defining the method, you must have the parameter 'self'
		code
		code

objectName = ClassName()

objectName.methodName()

This gives all the attributes all there values

class ClassName(object):
	def __init__(self):
		#code that you want to run when you initalize the object

• The __init__ is recognized by python as an initialization method, and is therefore run when the object is instantiated.

class ClassName(object):
	def __init__(self, theNameGiven, age):
		self.name = theNameGiven
		self.age = age

objectName = ClassName('ben', 19)

class ClassName(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self.name = 'jim'
		self.age = '19'
		#defining the initalisation method
	
	def __str__(self):
		return 'my name is {}, and my age is{}'.format(self.name, self.age)
		#returns the string above when called

objectName = ClassName()
print(str(objectName))
#returns:
#my name is jim, and my age is 19

This is a attribute that is the same for all objects in a class, when a class attribute is changed in one object they are changed across the entire class.

This is a method that is the same for all objects in a class

class ClassName(object):
	classAttributeName = 10

	def changingClassAttribute(self):
		ClassName.classAttributeName += 1
		#notice how i havent used the prefix self, i have used the class name

class ClassName(object):
	
	@staticmethod
	def staticMethodName():
		#note how i didnt call for self, this is 
		#because it is not associated with a object
		code

ClassName.staticMethodName()
#note we are calling it through the class not an object

This is an attribute that can be accessed and manipulated outside of an objects scope

This is an attribute that can only be accessed and manipulated within an objects scope, via methods

class ClassName(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self.name = 'ben'
		#public attribute
		self.__surname = 'lj'
		#privet attribute

Note: it is still possible to access the private method

print(objectName._Classname__surname)

BUT THIS SHOULD NEVER BE DONE!!!

class ClassName(object):
	def __privateMethod(self):
		code

It allows you to add additional functionality to a function

An example is that you can run some checks on your parameters to make sure that they would run with your function

def check(functionYouWantToCheck):
	def theBitThatChecks(input1, input2):
		if checksForSomething:
			#does some check
			code
		else:
			functionYouWantToCheck(input1, input2)
			#under these conditions we want our funtion to run

	return theBitThatChecks
	#runs the function we have declared 


@check
functionThatWillBePassedIntoCheck(input1,input2)
#essentually encapualates the function, runs check

This is a way to control how you show a client an attribute or how they change it

It allows you to call a method as if it was a attribute, which can means you can perform functionality to the output

class ClassName(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self.__name = 'ben'
	
	@property
	#property decorator
	def accessToName(self):
		return self.__name + ' wow'

objectName = ClassName()
print(objectName.accessToName)
#prints:
#ben wow

This allows you to call a setting method like it was an attribute

class ClassName(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__name = 'ben'
    
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self.__name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, newName):
        self.__name = newName

obj = ClassName()
print(obj.name)
#prints: ben

obj.name = 'pedro'
print(obj.name)
#prints: pedro