Section 2

  1. The logical address is:
    1. the address seen by the memory unit
    1. generated by the CPU
    1. generated by the user
ans

b

  1. Memory Management Unit (MMU) is a
    1. software device that at run time maps virtual to physical address
    1. hardware device that at the compilation time maps virtual to physical address
    1. hardware device that at run time maps virtual to physical address
    1. software device that at the compilation time maps virtual to physical address
ans

c

  1. Virtual Memory is
    1. user logical memory
    1. separation of user logical memory from physical memory
    1. physical memory
    1. kernel memory
ans

b

  1. Copy-on-Write (COW) allows...
    1. the child process to initially share the same pages in memory
    1. the parent process to initially share the same pages in memory
    1. both parent and child processes to initially share the same pages in memory
    1. to write a new file
ans

c

  1. Mutual exclusion means
    1. a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it, after that process has completed its task
    1. only one process at a time can use a resource
    1. a process holding at least one resource is waiting to acquire additional resources held by

    other processes

ans

b

  1. If a system is in safe state then
    1. possibility of deadlock
    1. deadlocks will occur
    1. no deadlocks will occur
ans

c

  1. In the readers-writers problem
    1. Readers can only read the dataset and writers can only write.
    1. Readers can read/write the dataset and writers can read/write.
    1. Readers can only read the dataset and writers can read/write.
    1. Readers can read/write the dataset and writers can only write.
ans

c

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] In Java synchronisation, describe what happens when a thread calls notify()
    1. An arbitrary thread T is selected from the wait set
    1. Start a new thread T
    1. T is moved from the wait set to the entry set
    1. Set the state of T from blocked to runnable.
    1. Finishes thread T
ans

a, c, d

  1. A mutex is a
    1. CPU scheduler algorithm
    1. mutual exclusion lock
    1. type of kernel
ans

b

  1. A Semaphore, in the OS context, is...
    1. is a traffic light system
    1. the name given to the critical section of code that can only be accessed by only one thread.
    1. an integer variable used to solve the critical section problem by using two atomic operations, wait and signal that are used for process synchronization
ans

c

  1. Preemptive scheduling is used when a process
    1. switches from running state to ready state or from the waiting state to ready state.
    1. terminates, or a process switches from running to the waiting state
    1. starts the execution
ans

a

  1. In Round Robin (RR) scheduling
    1. The CPU is allocated to the process with the highest priority
    1. The CPU is allocated to the process with the lowest priority
    1. Each process gets the same amount of CPU time
ans

c

  1. In the Many-to-One thread model
    1. Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread
    1. One user-level thread is mapped to many kernel threads
    1. Many user-level threads mapped to many kernel threads
ans

a

  1. Signals are used in UNIX/Linux systems to notify
    1. a thread that a particular event has occurred.
    1. the user that a particular event has occurred.
    1. the OS that a particular event has occurred.
    1. a process that a particular event has occurred.
ans

d

  1. A process is
    1. a program in execution
    1. is text editor
    1. a spreadsheet
    1. a browser
ans

a

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Select all the valid states for a process.
    1. new
    1. running
    1. waiting
    1. ready
    1. paused
    1. terminated
    1. aborted
    1. all of the above
    1. none of the above
ans

a-f

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Select the Operating System Services
    1. User Interface
    1. Program execution
    1. I/O Operations
    1. File-system manipulation
    1. Communication
    1. Error Detection
    1. Resource Allocation
    1. Logging
    1. Protection and Security
    1. All of the above
ans

j

  1. All OSs offer a user-friendly GUI.
    1. true
    1. false
ans

b

  1. What do all the devices (from a smart watch to a cluster HPC) share in common?
    1. Kernel
    1. Windows
    1. Mac
    1. Linux
ans

kernel

  1. Is Linux an Operating System?
    1. Yes
    1. No
ans

b

  1. Masquerading (breach authentication) refers to
    1. message modification
    1. Pretending to be an authorised user to escalate privileges
    1. Intruder sits in data flow, masquerading as sender to receiver and vice versa
    1. Intercept an already-established session to bypass authentication
    1. Common attack type with access beyond what a user or resource is supposed to have
ans

a

  1. Malware refer to
    1. Program frequently installed with legitimate software to display adds, capture user data
    1. Intruder sits in data flow, masquerading as sender to receiver and vice versa
    1. data lock via encryption, demanding payment to unlock it
    1. Software designed to exploit, disable, or damage computer
ans

d

  1. Rings of protection
    1. join functions into domains
    1. separate processes into domains and order them
    1. separate functions into domains and order them
    1. join processes into domains
ans

c

  1. An Access matrix
    1. is a table that defines access restrictions between specific subjects and objects.
    1. is a table that defines access permissions between specific users and objects.
    1. is a table that defines access permissions between specific subjects and objects.
ans

c

  1. Type 0 hypervisors are ...
    1. Hardware-based solutions that provide support for virtual machine creation and management via firmware
    1. Operating-system-like software built to provide virtualization
    1. Applications that run on standard operating systems but provide VMM features to guest operating systems
ans

a

  1. Paravirtualization
    1. is where the Virtual Machine Manager does not virtualize real hardware but instead create an optimised virtual system
    1. is a technique in which the guest operating system is modified to work in cooperation with the Virtual Machine Manager to optimize performance
    1. enable applications written for one hardware environment to run on a very different hardware environment, such as a different type of CPU
ans

b

  1. In the context of cryptography, brute-Force Attack...
    1. Involves replacing the letters of plaintext by other letters or by numbers or symbols
    1. Involves trying every possible key until an intelligible translation of the ciphertext into plaintext is obtained
    1. is best-known multiple-letter encryption cipher
    1. Improves on the simple monoalphabetic technique by using different monoalphabetic substitutions as one proceeds through the plaintext message
ans

b

  1. The Caesar Cypher
    1. Involves replacing each letter of the alphabet with a number standing N places further down the alphabet
    1. Involves replacing each letter of the alphabet with the letter standing N places further down the alphabet
    1. Involves replacing each letter of the alphabet with the letter standing N places further up the alphabet
ans

b

  1. UDP stands for..
    1. User Data Protocol and is an Unreliable data transport protocol
    1. User Datagram Protocol and is an Unreliable data transport protocol
    1. User Datagram Protocol and is a Reliable data transport protocol
    1. User Data Protocol and is a Reliable data transport protocol
ans

b

  1. TCP stands for..
    1. Transmission Control Protocol and is a Reliable data transport protocol
    1. Transmission Communication Protocol and is a Reliable data transport protocol
    1. Transmission Control Protocol and is an Unreliable data transport protocol
    1. Transmission Communication Protocol and is an Unreliable data transport protocol
ans

a

  1. TLS stands for...
    1. Transfer Layer Security
    1. Transport Library Security
    1. Transfer Library Secure
    1. Transport Layer Security
ans

d

  1. Secure Shell (SSH) is
    1. A protocol for secure network communications designed to be relatively simple and inexpensive to implement
    1. A protocol for network communications designed to be relatively simple and inexpensive to implement
    1. A protocol for secure network communications designed to be very complex to implement
ans

a

  1. A container is ...
    1. an abstraction of physical hardware turning one server into many servers.
    1. an abstraction at the app layer that packages code and dependencies together.
    1. an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space
    1. the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS)
ans

b

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Microservices are ...
    1. Highly maintainable and testable
    1. Loosely coupled
    1. Difficult to manage
    1. Independently deployable
    1. Highly coupled
    1. Organized around business capabilities
    1. Ideal for small projects that do not require scalability
    1. Owned by a small team
ans

a,b,d,f,h

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Vulnerabilities, in containers, can possibly exist in...
    1. Virtual Machines
    1. Container configurations
    1. Main Operating System
    1. Container packages
    1. Application Libraries
    1. All the above
ans

b, d, e

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Select the steps that help to keep your containers ecosystems secure ...
    1. Check the integrity of the images
    1. Sign to validate pipeline phases
    1. Consume only trusted content for tagged Docker builds
    1. Ensure that the container was generated by a trusted publisher
    1. None of the above
ans

a-d

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] In the context of Cloud Computing, the properties and characteristics are
    1. High scalability and elasticity
    1. High availability and reliability
    1. Low scalability and elasticity
    1. High manageability and interoperability
    1. High accessibility and portability
    1. High performance and optimization
    1. Low manageability and interoperability
ans

a,b,d,e,f

  1. Fault-tolerance is
    1. a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred and pinpoint the type of fault and its location.
    1. the ability to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation
    1. the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.
    1. the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster.
ans

c

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] In heterogeneous computing, domain decomposition involves ..
    1. Deciding how data elements should be divided among processors
    1. Deciding which tasks each processor should be doing
    1. Dividing tasks among processors
    1. Deciding which data elements are going to be accessed (read and/or written) by which processor
    1. All of the above.
ans

a,b

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Why are race conditions so difficult to manage?
    1. Programs with race conditions exhibit non-deterministic behaviour
    1. Sometimes the result is incorrect
    1. Programs work correctly on trivial data sets and small number of threads
    1. Errors more likely to occur when number of threads or execution time increases
    1. None of the above.
ans

a-d

  1. Edge Computing devices are
    1. specialised software that processes data in edge devices, which is opposite to thin client, which hardly transfers data.
    1. devices like sensors and machines can be outfitted to work in edge computing.
    1. regular laptops used in the day-to-day activities.
ans

b

  1. [Multiple-choices allowed] Advantages of Enabling Edge Computing. Select all that apply.
    1. Speed is increased
    1. Reliability is increased
    1. Random issues are reduced
    1. Compliance issues are reduced
    1. Hacking issues are reduced
ans

all of them